Flat-four engines are mostly used in cars (particularly in the earlier Volkswagen Type 1 to 4 and by Subaru in most of their models), and have occasionally been used in motorcycles.Occasionally, they have been used in light cars, aircraft and industrial applications, mostly up until the 1960s. Flat-twin engines are mostly used in motorcycles.The most common usages of flat engines are: Compared with V engines- the most common layout for engines with six cylinders or more- flat engines have a lower centre of mass (and a better primary balance than V6 engines), however they usually have a larger width. The advantages of flat engines are a short length, low centre of mass and suitability for air cooling.Ĭompared with the more common straight engines, flat engines have better primary balance (resulting in less vibration) however the disadvantages are increased width and the need to have two cylinder heads. ( February 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ĭifference between two flat 6 cylinder engines: 180° V on the left, boxer on the right Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. They have even replaced radial engines in many smaller installations. Flat engines are more common in aircraft, where straight engines are a rarity and V engines have almost vanished except in historical aircraft. They are now less common in cars than straight engines (for engines with fewer than six cylinders) and V engines (for engines with six or more cylinders). Flat engines have been used in aviation, motorcycle and automobile applications. The first flat engine was built in 1897 by Karl Benz. The other configuration is effectively a V engine with a 180-degree angle between the cylinder banks in this configuration each pair of cylinders shares a single crankpin, so that as one piston moves inward, the other moves outward. The most common configuration of flat engines is the boxer engine configuration, in which the pistons of each opposed pair of cylinders move inwards and outwards at the same time. Flat engines are also known as horizontally opposed engines, however this is distinct from the less common opposed-piston engine design, whereby each cylinder has two pistons sharing a central combustion chamber. For similarly-named engines with two pistons per cylinder, see opposed-piston engine.Ī flat engine is a piston engine where the cylinders are located on either side of a central crankshaft.
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